Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas that interferes with the delivery of oxygen in the blood to the rest of the body. It is produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels.
What Are the Major Sources of CO?
Carbon monoxide is produced as a result of incomplete burning of carbon-containing fuels including coal, wood, charcoal, natural gas and fuel oil. It can be emitted by combustion sources such as unvented kerosene and gas space heaters, furnaces, woodstoves, gas stoves, fireplaces and water heaters, automobile exhaust from attached garages and tobacco smoke. Problems can arise as a result of improper installation, maintenance or inadequate ventilation.
What Are the Health Effects?
Carbon monoxide interferes with the distribution of oxygen in the blood to the rest of the body. Depending on the amount inhaled, this gas can impede coordination, worsen cardiovascular conditions, and produce fatigue, headache, weakness, confusion, disorientation, nausea and dizziness. Very high levels can cause death.
The symptoms are sometimes confused with the flu or food poisoning. Fetuses, infants, elderly and people with heart and respiratory illnesses are particularly at high risk for the adverse health effects of carbon monoxide.
An average of 166 people die each year as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning and thousands of others end up in hospital emergency rooms (Consumer Product Safety Commission).
What Can Be Done to Prevent CO Poisoning?
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Ensure that appliances are properly adjusted and working to manufacturers' instructions and local building codes.
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Obtain annual inspections for heating systems, chimneys and flues and have them cleaned by a qualified technician.
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Open flues when fireplaces are in use.
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Use proper fuel in kerosene space heaters.
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Do not use ovens and gas ranges to generate heat.
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Do not burn charcoal inside.
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Make sure stoves and heaters are vented to the outside and that exhaust systems do not leak.
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Do not use unvented gas or kerosene space heaters in enclosed spaces.
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Never leave a car or lawn mower engine running in a shed or garage, or in any enclosed space.
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Make sure your furnace has adequate intake of outside air.
What If I Have Carbon Monoxide Poisoning?
Don't ignore symptoms, especially if more than one person is feeling them. If you think you are suffering from carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, you should:
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Get fresh air immediately. Open doors and windows. Turn off combustion appliances and leave the building.
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Go to an emergency room. Be sure to tell the physician that you suspect CO poisoning.
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Be prepared to answer the following questions: Is anyone else in your building complaining of similar symptoms? Did everyone's symptoms appear about the same time? Are you using any fuel-burning appliances within the building? Has anyone inspected your appliances lately? Are you certain they are working properly?
What About Carbon Monoxide Detectors?
Carbon monoxide (CO) detectors can be used as a backup
but not as a
replacement
f
or
proper use and maintenance of your fuel-burning appliances. CO detector technology is still being developed and the detectors are not generally considered to be as reliable as the smoke detectors found in buildings today. You should not choose a CO detector solely on the basis of cost; do some research on the different features available.
Carbon monoxide detectors should meet Underwriters Laboratories Inc. standards, have a long-term warranty, and be easily self-tested and reset to ensure proper functioning. For maximum effectiveness during sleeping hours, carbon monoxide detectors should be placed close to sleeping areas.
If your CO detector goes off, you should:
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Make sure it is the CO detector and not the smoke alarm.
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Check to see if anyone is experiencing symptoms.
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If so, get them out of the building immediately and seek medical attention.
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If no one is feeling symptoms, ventilate the building with fresh air and turn off all potential sources of CO.
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Have a qualified technician inspect your fuel-burning appliances and chimneys to make sure they are operating correctly.
For more information on reducing risk or any of our other services, please contact Jeff Harrison at jeff.harrison@cbservices.org or 800.807.0300 ext 2543.